The “protein folding problem” has long challenged scientists, making it nearly impossible to predict how chains of amino acids will fold into functional three-dimensional structures based solely on DNA sequences. John Jumper, who received the 2023 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, has tackled this challenge head-on with the development of AlphaFold and AlphaFold 2. These AI-driven tools have produced highly accurate models of nearly all known proteins, revolutionizing the field of structural