A formula used to turn ordinary data, or "plaintext," into a secret coded message known as "ciphertext." The ciphertext can reside in storage or travel over unsecure networks without its contents ...

A blockchain consensus mechanism that determines which miner can add transactions to the blockchain based on the amount of crypto the miner holds. The more crypto and the longer it is held (the more ...

For better accountability, we should shift the focus from the design of these systems to their impact. Getty Describing a decision-making system as an “algorithm” is often a way to deflect ...

Advanced computer programs influence, and can even dictate, meaningful parts of our lives. Think of streaming services, credit scores, facial recognition software. As this technology becomes more ...

Expertise from Forbes Councils members, operated under license. Opinions expressed are those of the author. Lawyers often ask me about the Google algorithm, which is actually a confluence of many ...

Personalized algorithms may quietly sabotage how people learn, nudging them into narrow tunnels of information even when they start with zero prior knowledge. In the study, participants using ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. I write about the broad intersection of data and society. As livestreams of the Notre Dame fire proliferated yesterday, a new wave ...