Transistors are inevitable parts of Electronic circuits. The success of a circuit design lies in the selection of proper transistor type and calculation of voltage and current flowing through it. A ...

Biasing an active device, such as a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), requires that you set the dc voltages and currents of the device. To optimize the desired result, you need various bias values.

In the early days, PNP bipolar transistors were common, but the bulk of circuits you see today use NPN transistors. As [Aaron Danner] points out, many people think PNP transistors are “backward” but ...

A breadboard is a great prototyping tool for verifying the sanity of a circuit design before taking the painstaking effort of soldering it all together permanently. After all, a mistake in this stage ...

Graphene is a single-atom thick carbon crystal with unique properties beneficial for electronics including extremely high electron mobility and phonon thermal conductivity. However, graphene does not ...

Today, many products are based on high-performance electronic systems and integrated circuits (ICs), and the importance of these elements is ever-increasing. A certain tension arises here as these ...