Various nerves control bladder and bowel function, including the spinal cord, cauda equina, pudendal nerves, and the enteric nervous system, a nerve network in the walls of the digestive tract. These ...

There was a lack of effective, cell-free biomaterials for bladder tissue regeneration that could reliably restore function without the complexities and risks of cell-seeded scaffolds. The breakthrough ...

Graphical comparison of bladder augmentation surgery using either ileum (top) or a cell-seeded, biodegradable scaffold (bottom). MSCs and HSPCs represent different types of stem cells found in the ...