Protein-based medicines are increasingly prevalent as a crucial category of contemporary therapeutics. The presence of ...

Protein-based therapeutics have transformed treatments for numerous diseases, yet their production remains highly complex and cost-intensive [1][2],[3][4]. Downstream processing (DSP), including ...

Biotherapeutics continue to revolutionize how clinicians treat many human diseases. Protein therapies using molecules like peptides and monoclonal antibodies have become well established in the clinic ...

Single-particle optical sensing (SPOS) was originally developed for the field of particulate contamination analysis. Particles in a liquid suspension flow through a small "photozone", a narrow, ...