Young students may repeatedly show progress and regression in skill development, and capturing their learning amid this variability is a challenge.

Erica Zippert has received funding from the Heising-Simons Foundation for her research. Bethany Rittle-Johnson receives funding from the U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences, ...

Young children are capable of understanding and actively building knowledge, and they are highly inclined to do so. While there are developmental constraints on children’s competence, those ...