When you gaze at the mighty Great Pyramid of Giza—sometimes called the Pyramid of Khufu—you’re looking at four and a half millennia of human effort. And in 2017, researchers revealed there’s more than ...

Ben may have been right way back when Stan Lee and Jack Kirby created him and the rest of the Fantastic Four 64 years ago, but we know a heck of a lot more about cosmic rays today. Back then, Grimm, ...

Muon radiography and tomography are innovative non‐destructive imaging techniques that employ cosmic-ray muons to probe the internal structures of large objects, from ancient monuments to active ...

In a muon tomography detector, cosmic-ray muons interact with an object and strike scintillators that emit photons. Wavelength-shifting fibers transmit the photons to photodetectors that digitize the ...

Muons continually bombard the ground at a known rate and angular distribution. As muons lose energy when passing through matter, their flux is attenuated depending on the integrated density along ...

Cosmic ray muons are elementary particles generated from high-energy collisions in the upper atmosphere. In an effort to make particle physics research more accessible to undergraduates, we have ...